PROSE acted as Bid Leader, and coordinated a cross-functional team consisting of engineering, procurement, and production experts. The team jointly developed technical and operational documentation, including maintenance plans, depot strategies, and component handling procedures. The work was carried out in close collaboration with stakeholders to ensure alignment with operational needs and regulatory requirements. The documentation was structured to support both strategic decision-making and practical implementation within the bid.
Customer benefit
By selecting PROSE as a partner, the customer gained access to structured and well-documented maintenance solutions tailored to the specific fleet and operational context. The collaborative approach ensured that procurement and production perspectives were integrated early in the process, reducing risk and improving feasibility. The final documentation supported the customer’s ability to submit competitive and technically sound bids, with clear strategies for lifecycle cost control and fleet availability.
The customer also benefited from PROSE’s independent expertise, broad rolling stock knowledge, and ability to deliver practical and implementation-ready material.
Consideration of the interior and exterior foliation as well as the modification of the train radio system within the verification process
Homologation management
Authority communication
Our approach
ODEG – Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH operates passenger transport services in northern and eastern Germany. The fleet consists of Desiro Classic (BR 642) multiple units, among others, manufactured by Siemens Mobility (SMO). The maintenance and repair of the vehicles is carried out by ODIG – Ostdeutsche Instandhaltungsgesellschaft mbH. This is a 100% subsidiary of ODEG. The vehicles currently operate with the existing German authorisation and a German train radio system on a section of line that runs over Polish territory. In future, the vehicles will have to be equipped with Polish train radio system and a radio stop module (RSM). The RSM is a device that is connected to the existing train radio system and integrated into the vehicle’s safety loop via an electromagnetic valve. In this way, the responsible dispatcher can give the “radio stop” command, which opens the vehicle’s safety loop and brings the vehicle to a standstill. In addition, interior foliation in the WC and full-surface exterior foliation had to be installed.
The functionality of the existing MESA23 system will be expanded to include operation with Polish train radio and the radio stop module (RSM). The foliations are handled with regard to all requirements.
Customer benefit
Thanks to the cooperation with PROSE, the customer was able to successfully convert the Desiro Classic railcars (BR 642) to use Polish train radio and the radio stop module (FSM). This not only offers ODEG passengers increased safety during the journey, but also enables smooth operation on the section of line through Polish territory. The application of the interior and exterior foils also contributes to the attractive appearance of the vehicles.
PROSE managed the project from the initial idea to the authorization strategy, preparation of evidence documents and coordination with NoBo/DeBo/AsBo through to communication with the authorities, so that ODIG was able to obtain a significant part of the project scope from a single source.
Supervision of the supplier’s Installation, Integration, and Commissioning
Data analysis and Reporting
Our approach
Switzerland, as one of the first ETCS-only countries, required all active fleets to monitor malfunctioning Eurobalises, as per a national requirement (NNTR). With the TSI-2023 release, this NNTR had to be transferred and further developed into Subset–149, Online Monitoring System.
In December 2022, when the draft specification of the Subset–149, Online Monitoring System became available, PROSE was appointed by the rail infrastructure manager of Swiss Federal Railway to develop and conduct a Proof of Concept. The goal was to evaluate the suitability and completeness of the proposed protocol.
PROSE developed the system architecture and related requirements for an online monitoring of the MVB bus in the ETCS Onboard Unit (OBU) manufactured by Siemens and installed in a new Stadler FLIRT EMU owned and operated by Schweizerische Südostbahn. Railnova was identified as a suitable supplier and provided the related solution, both onboard (sniffer and gateway), and wayside. PROSE performed integration engineering as well as authorisation support.
Once the solution was in operation, PROSE closely monitored the wayside infrastructure and analysed the data and feedback to correct and improve the DRAFT Subset-149, contributing directly to its current maturity and reliability.
Customer benefit
With the assignment of PROSE, the customer benefits from the extensive experience of PROSE in the field of on-board signalling, ETCS and online monitoring, both wayside and onboard. PROSE’s combination of technical insight, hands-on experience, and understanding of the market landscape contributed to a solution that was both robust and fit-for-purpose. The customer could rely on PROSE to manage the project without needing to build up internal resources. In addition our independent advisory role ensured a neutral perspective, while maintaining alignment between the various stakeholders involved in the project.
Scenario and variant supply and operating concept 2035+
Concept for on-demand operation with ATO
TARGET system architecture and gap analysis to the ACTUAL system landscape
Determination of requirements for later migration of the new vehicle
Our approach
PROSE supported Forchbahn in the tendering process for a new vehicle fleet. This also raised questions about the future service and operating concept of the S18 Zurich Stadelhofen – Esslingen line. In order to utilise the opportunity of a new vehicle fleet, PROSE developed various scenarios regarding vehicle lengths and the change in the current service concept through the use of automatically operated vehicles in the direction of on-demand operation at off-peak times. The scenarios were developed for different service levels, depending on the time horizon.
Based on the existing old vehicles, the timetables, the planned timetable and the frequency surveys of current operations, we analysed possible vehicle concepts and the resulting number of new vehicles. We specifically analysed the possibilities with long and short trains as well as the operational and technical reserves. We also developed a 2035+ service and operating concept using fully automated multiple units on the Forchbahn’s infrastructure. In addition to the migration and service steps in the introductory phase, this also included the concept for the introduction of on-demand operation during off-peak times. The tender process defined a target system architecture and vehicle requirements for future migration.
Customer benefit
Based on the actual data, PROSE conceptualised the target state and derived opportunities and risks for the respective thrusts in the service and operation. These were reflected in workshops with those responsible at Forchbahn. The results were integrated directly into the tender documents. This ensures that the vehicles are suitable for operation in the long term and that nothing stands in the way of the subsequent implementation of ATO-on-demand operation. PROSE’s knowledge helped Forchbahn make well-informed decisions early in the process, reducing future risks and supporting long-term operational efficiency.
PROSE presentation on the current state of the railway industry
PROSE presentation on the future development of the railway industry
In-depth discussion on TS 50701, security vs. safety and discussion on standards
Interactive brainstorming on the gap analysis
Consolidation of the results of the gap analysis and prioritisation
Analysis of the customer’s security documentation
Summary and definition of the next steps and goal
Our approach
The digital transformation of the rail industry is accelerating at an unprecedented pace. With increasing connectivity comes the urgent need to improve cybersecurity frameworks to ensure resilience against evolving threats. A recent industry workshop highlighted key findings on the current state of cybersecurity in railway systems and the expected regulatory changes that will shape the future.
Security in the railway sector has traditionally focused on protecting people and machines. However, cybersecurity has now become a critical factor in protecting IT systems, infrastructure and sensitive data. Despite their relevance, many existing railway standards provide only limited guidance on cybersecurity. Important standards such as EN 50126, EN 50716 and EN 50129 recognise security concerns but do not provide concrete measures. The IEC 62443 series, which emerged in the 2010s, has become a fundamental security framework, but its full integration into railway systems is still a work in progress.
A key challenge in cybersecurity is the human factor. Unclear role definitions in projects can lead to security risks – for example, through software updates that are implemented without sufficient validation and can compromise critical systems. Clear role definitions and structured safety processes are necessary to minimise such risks.
The future of railway safety will be shaped by new guidelines and harmonised standards designed to close existing safety gaps. Several regulatory developments will redefine safety requirements in the sector. The NIS 2 Directive obliges operators of critical infrastructure, including the railway industry, to take comprehensive cybersecurity measures. Companies in the supply chain will also have to prove their compliance in future.
The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) places strict security requirements on manufacturers and suppliers of digital products, including railway technology. IEC 63452 is expected to become a global benchmark for cybersecurity in railway systems and combines elements from IEC 62443 and TS 50701 to create a standardised security framework. In addition, there is a trend towards common cybersecurity services – for example in the areas of authentication, logging and network security to ensure standardised protective measures for critical rail systems.
Customer benefit
Railway operators, manufacturers and suppliers must proactively adapt to these new regulations. Key recommendations include:
Identification and inventory of all assets (especially SW)
Conducting cybersecurity risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities
Establish clear security requirements for suppliers and ensure compliance throughout the value chain
Implementing security-by-design principles in the development of new products
Strengthen security incident response capabilities to effectively manage threats
By taking a proactive approach, the industry can ensure the safety, reliability and resilience of railway systems in an increasingly connected world.
Customer: leading international brake equipment manufacturer
Project tasks
Project management
Requirements capture
Concept development
System integration
Our approach
The project aimed to assist a leading international brake equipment manufacturer in navigating the complex landscape of European brake system regulations, generic design principles, and requirements for brake certification. The primary challenge was to provide the manufacturer with a consistent and clear understanding of these regulations to facilitate the development and certification of their brake systems for the European market. This support was crucial for ensuring compliance with stringent European safety standards and improving the manufacturer’s competitive edge in the international market.
Based on publicly available information and own experiences, PROSE provided a comprehensive investigation report with following main chapters:
European and American design philosophy and safety principles for emergency braking in EMU
Brake performance of current EMU train designs in Europe
Redundancy on emergency braking command and functions
Emergency Braking according EN 16185-1 and EN 15734-1
Brake system requirements for EMUs according to European TSI regulations
Brake system control signal according to EN 15611:2020
Customer benefit
As a result of this project, PROSE’s customer obtained an in-depth and detailed understanding of the general requirements and best practices associated with European EMU brake design. This comprehensive insight enabled the manufacturer to align their products with European standards, thereby enhancing their ability to meet certification requirements. Additionally, the detailed investigation report served as a valuable reference for the customer’s engineering and design teams, facilitating informed decision-making and innovation in brake system design. Overall, the project significantly boosted the customer’s capability to produce compliant, reliable, and competitive brake systems for the European rail market.
Technical evaluation of offers and technical coordination with suppliers
Project management
Our approach
SCHÖMA plans to develop a proven, powered, three-part rail-bound maintenance machine with cab, loading platform and crane called HERO. SCHÖMA needs support in developing the authorisation strategy to fulfil the EN 14033 standards and in defining the design process including verification and validation.
PROSE developed the decision-making basis for the authorisation process enabling a defined combination of the three vehicles of the working machine to be approved and the verifications and evidence according to EN 14033 to be provided. PROSE also supported SCHÖMA in the budget planning phase of the development of the HERO work machine in the evaluation of supplier offers for systems and components such as the power train, braking system, power generation, train protection (ETCS) and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). In addition, PROSE defined the design phases and the design assurance process according to the systems engineering methodology to ensure a defined and structured design process.
Customer benefit
PROSE has structured and optimised SCHÖMA’s development process by systematically applying the system engineering methodology. This approach has not only minimised development risks associated with costs and timelines but has crucially enhanced the predictability and likelihood of obtaining the necessary authorisation.
Analyse the current state, identify weaknesses and strengths, and document responsibilities and workflows
Develop a target model with clear responsibilities, efficient processes, and the use of new digital tools such as the GCU-Broker
Implement the new processes, including employee training and the establishment of overarching responsibility for GCU
Our Approach
The project to optimise the GCU (General Contract of Use for freight wagons) tasks within SBB Cargo’s RU (Railway Undertaking) role addressed the growing demands of European freight transport and the increasing expectations for legal and process compliance. The primary goal was to establish a clear and robust organisation of responsibilities within the RU role, meeting both the requirements of the GCU and relevant EU regulations. This realignment was achieved through a systematic review of existing processes and structures. Key challenges included the precise delineation of roles between the railway undertaking and the wagon keeper, as defined by the GCU provisions. In particular, the requirements arising from oversight by the Swiss Federal Office of Transport (FOT) necessitated reorganisation, as unclear responsibilities had previously hindered audit outcomes.
Additionally, action was required for key operational processes such as the re-commissioning of freight wagons after repairs, the verification of GCU-compliant wagons within train formations, and the retrieval of technical wagon data from third-party keepers. These areas are critical for ensuring safety and quality standards. At the same time, the entire scope of GCU tasks is subject to increasing regulation, which will be further intensified by the BAV (Federal Office of Transport in Switzerland) from 2026 onwards. To meet these demands, SBB Cargo’s internal processes must not only become more efficient but also legally sound.
The project was implemented in multiple phases. In the first phase, the current state of GCU tasks was documented, and key strengths and weaknesses were identified. This analysis was completed by May 2024. Building on this, by August 2024, a target process was developed that defines clear responsibilities, optimises existing workflows and incorporates digital solutions such as the GCU-Broker. This tool is intended to replace the manual processing of damage reports, thereby modernising data exchange. Starting in January 2025, the target process will be implemented, with a focus on appointing a central overall responsibility for GCU tasks, covering both strategic and operational duties. The project team included PROSE internal experts and external consultants from BAHNVERSTAND, who provided methodological support and strategic recommendations.
Customer benefit
The implementation of the project delivers significant benefits for customers through more efficient and reliable handling of GCU tasks. Clear responsibilities and improved processes reduce delays and enhance legal certainty in operations. The integration of digital solutions, such as the GCU-Broker, lowers administrative costs and accelerates data exchange. Furthermore, compliance with new legal requirements, particularly EU and FOT regulations, ensures long-term legal security and minimises liability risks. Overall, the project strengthens SBB Cargo’s position in the European freight transport market and ensures sustainable future viability.
Customer: BLS Netz AG, Dr. Florian Kappler, Switzerland
Project tasks
Program Management
Project Planning
Coordination among all Swiss ATO projects
Leading the marketing team to develop and maintain the ATO website
Quarterly reporting to the steering board (railway undertakings, infrastructure managers and industry)
Coordination with stakeholders, such as the national authority BAV, as well as the industry
Supporting specific ATO projects with technical-, operational- and business advisory
Our Approach
In May 2022, the Federal Office of Transport called on the rail sector to align and better coordinate future ATO activities within the Swiss rail sector.
PROSE was commissioned to manage the programme for all Swiss ATO projects. In close cooperation with the ATO core team, PROSE established regular monthly exchanges and jointly identified and developed central cross-cutting topics.
In addition, PROSE also led the communication team and worked with this team to develop and maintain the ATO industry website (https://voev.ch/ato). Furthermore, PROSE initiated an ATO-related conference day that invited and actively involved the industry in ATO developments.
Customer benefit
With PROSE as a partner, the customer benefits from comprehensive expertise in the areas of on-board signalling, ETCS and ATO, both on the line and on the vehicle side. An entrepreneurial approach, in-depth technical knowledge and market knowledge are essential for a successful programme design in the first year.
The customer does not need to develop its own project-specific management resources, as PROSE, as an independent consultant, coordinates the related interests of all project managers.
Carrying out requirements capture and preparing the safety evaluation, including risk analysis
Preparation and management of evidence documents
Cooperation and coordination of NoBo, DeBo and AsBo
Support in preparing several declarations and dealing with online registers like ERATV or ERADIS
Management of the change notification to the ERA or national safety authorities like EBA for changes not requiring an authorisation
Management of authorisation applications via One Stop Shop to the ERA for changes requiring authorisation
Coordination with the ERA and national safety authority
Our Approach
Vehicle operators or leasing companies make changes to their vehicles for very different reasons, e.g. for obsolescence reasons or to offer passengers a better service by customising the interior and adding features such as sockets or WLAN. In addition to providing engineering services, PROSE supports such projects by taking over the entire approval management process, including communication with all the bodies and authorities involved.
The authorisation process ensures safe rail transport and the best possible interoperability throughout the EU. However, implementing changes to rolling stock presents a significant challenge to operators, keepers, and owners.
At PROSE, we recognise that each railway vehicle is unique. Our team of experts develops vehicle authorisation strategies that address the specific challenges of our customer’s products and needs. From Requirements Capture to One Stop Shop, our experts have the knowledge to guide you through the process. Whether you only need assistance with a single task or are looking for a complete solution, we can provide solutions to meet your particular requirements.
Customer benefit
Modernisations and retrofits guarantee enhanced reliability and superior passenger comfort and open up new applications by integrating new systems. Whilst operators and workshops can focus on their primary tasks, PROSE can handle all the “paperwork” from the engineering and the preparation of evidence documents to the assessment and authorisation phases with bodies and authorities involved. Due to our comprehensive service portfolio, we help reduce interfaces and effort because all services are coordinated and come from a single source.
PROSE ensures that our customers’ railway vehicles comply with the latest standards and regulations. From document preparation to submission, we make sure that vehicle approval hurdles don’t derail your success.
Gap analysisand elaboration of suggestions for improvement
Advice, suggestions, support on specific topics (as required)
Review of documents (e.g. process descriptions, procedural instructions, forms, etc.)
Suggestions for improvement
Our Approach
The customer is supported in understanding and implementing the ECM requirements, whereby a gap analysis determines the maturity level of the maintenance organisation. Basic training on ECM topics can be offered in advance. In the trial audit, documents are checked, weaknesses are identified, and assistance is provided to rectify them. The certification audit starts with a Stage I audit, after which PROSE offers support in implementing the auditor’s comments. PROSE can also inspect the customer’s workshop and identify potential weaknesses before the audit.
Customer benefit
The customer is accompanied on the path to successful certification of ECM functions in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/779. The organisation’s existing knowledge on these topics is brought up to date. The organisation is enabled to meet the requirements and pass the audit with the certification body.
Moreover, support in the daily ECM challenges regarding:
Risk management according to CSM-RA
Competence management
Documentation process
Supplier management
Audit plan
Definition of Safety Critical Components according to Article 4
Interface definition and information flow between the functions
Independent delta assessment in order to improve the internal procedures and processes
Why support by PROSE? For saving time and money by becoming more efficient and due to lack of know-how.
Research: Review of the old maintenance regulations for each vehicle
Expert interviews: Ensuring the transfer of expertise to supplement/correct the old maintenance regulations
Documentation: Creation of maintenance plans for each vehicle
Release: Incorporation of customer feedback and internal release of the maintenance plan
Our Approach
PROSE supports the client in creating maintenance plans for the first 14 traction units and 3-4 coach fleets. These can only be partially derived from old regulations and thus completed and adapted accordingly and transferred to a digitalised maintenance concept. A significant proportion of the maintenance work is carried out voluntarily by associations. This particular situation must be taken into account in the concept development. PROSE also provides relevant support for introducing the ZEDAS maintenance software on the customer side.
Customer benefit
The client receives a digitalised, standardised and consistent maintenance plan landscape for the vehicles to ensure the safe, standard-compliant and efficient planning and implementation of maintenance measures using in-house, association and external services.
The logic and conceptual design of the maintenance plans, regardless of whether they relate to steam locomotives, electric locomotives or multiple units, will be aligned accordingly, thus creating content, processes and documentation specifications that are much easier to understand and can also be communicated to volunteer maintenance staff to ensure safe rail operations.
The implementation already considers European standards for safe maintenance and their functional allocation in the organisational development. This will ensure a gradual expansion of the client’s maintenance services towards a modern, digital maintenance organisation.
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