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Illustration of a connected train with C-DAS and ATO trackside platform showing automated train operation, data connectivity and driver advisory system.

Co-leading the Driver Advisory System and trackside platform for Automated Train Operation

Customer: Rhätische Bahn AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Requirements capture
  • Conceptdevelopment
  • Bogie andcarbody development
  • System integration

Our approach

Rhätische Bahn AG (RhB) plans to introduce a smart cruise control (SCC) function on its latest generation of multiple units as part of their automation strategy. The SCC function specifies an optimised speed and controls acceleration and braking between two station stops. In accordance with SN EN 62267, the SCC function is classified as Grade of Automation 1 (GoA1), as speed monitoring under the operating regulations (FDV) continues to be carried out by the locomotive crew.

A trackside platform (xx-TS) is planned for the SCC function. This trackside platform provides the necessary route and timetable data. It is based on existing specifications such as Automated Train Operation over European Train Control System (ATO over ETCS) in accordance with the Technical Specification for Interoperability relating to Control-Command and Signalling Subsystems (TSI CCS) and Connected Driver Advisory System (C-DAS). After registering with the train number, the train receives journey and segment profiles in accordance with SUBSET-126/SFERA. Transmission takes place via a mobile communications interface.

With the introduction of a Traffic Management System (TMS), a networked driver assistance system (C-DAS) will also be implemented, which displays energy-efficient and conflict-free driving recommendations based on optimised production specifications from the TMS.

PROSE was involved in the railway automation programme as co-project manager. We implemented a four-stage approach within the ATO-TS/C-DAS project:

  1. Existing requirements and specifications for the operational target vision were recorded and compared with the status quo of the ATO, TMS and C-DAS systems.
  2. Once the target vision and target architecture had been defined, a structured market evaluation was carried out and interviews were conducted with various system providers.
  3. Based on the market evaluation, a two-stage assessment of the solution options was carried out and proposals for the procurement strategy were developed.
  4. Further steps were implemented for the ATO-TS and C-DAS subsystems, including the execution of an RFI and in-depth analyses with selected providers.

Customer benefit

Thanks to our previous involvement in the railway automation programme and our combined operational and technical expertise, we were able to structure and advance the project with clear direction and efficiency.

Based on our market knowledge and cross-project experience, we were able to develop solution scenarios tailored to RhB’s operating environment. We moderated structured discussions with internal experts and programme participants, creating transparent decision-making and a solid foundation for the next implementation phase.

PROSE provided independent technical assessment, clear methodology and procurement support, laying the foundation for a clearly defined architecture and reduced implementation risk.

 

  

 

Illustration of a tpf train between Planchy depot and Bulle station showing automated shunting operations and digital signalling.

Conducting a feasibility study for fully automated shunting operations

Customer: tpf SA, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Operational target
  • Technical feasibility assessment
  • Analysis of operational processes
  • Cost-benefit analysis

Our approach

The metre-gauge rolling stock used by the transport publics fribourgeois (tpf) operating on the Palézieux – Bulle – Montbovon line is maintained at the Planchy depot in the industrial zone of Bulle. The distance between Bulle station and the depot is around one kilometre. In current operations, staff must walk between the station and depot to perform shunting movements, which limits operational efficiency.

As part of recent service expansion , the infrastructure around Bulle has been modernised to current technical standards. In parallel with the planned modernisation of the Planchy maintenance facility, tpf investigated whether fully automated shunting operations using Automatic Train Operation Grade of Automation 4 (ATO GoA4) could be implemented with the existing vehicle fleet within the Planchy – Bulle area. The study assessed technical feasibility, operational implications, and the economic viability of introducing automated shunting.

PROSE supported tpf SA throughout the entire feasibility study in a structured, multi-stage process involving operational, technical, and management stakeholders. We first analysed the current operational processes, infrastructure, and regulatory conditions. Based on this, we jointly developed a target operating concept for automated shunting.

To evaluate possible implementation strategies, PROSE performed a risk analysis and developed several technically consistent solution variants using a morphological analysis method. These options were then compared through a transparent cost-benefit assessment, enabling a structured evaluation of technical feasibility and operational impact.

Customer benefit

tpf SA received a clear and independent decision basis for the further development of the Planchy maintenance site.

Thanks to the efficient approach, initial results were quickly developed in collaboration with tpf experts and presented to management. Technical feasibility, operational implications and economic effects were presented in a comprehensible and transparent manner.

With our expertise in railway operations and ATO realistic implementation scenarios were developed and efficiently aligned with internal stakeholders. PROSE also supported tpf in initial discussions with potential system suppliers, strengthening tpf’s technical and strategic position.

 

  

ETCS Level 2 rollout planning with integrated infrastructure, operations and rolling stock lifecycle coordination.

Planning the integrated rollout of ETCS Level 2

Customer: BLS Netz AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Integrated rollout planning
  • Cost assessment
  • Stakeholder management
  • Long-term planning

Our approach

As part of the ERTMS strategy of the Federal Office of Transport (FOT), Swiss infrastructure operators developed a long-term implementation concept for the network-wide introduction of cab signalling based on the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2.

PROSE supported BLS Netz AG in finalising the integrated rollout plan. We reconciled the different requirements of long-distance, regional and freight transport companies regarding rolling stock with the operational needs of the infrastructure. In parallel, we took the life cycles of existing systems and their depreciation effects into account.

On this basis, we developed a consolidated best-case scenario that defines the section-by-section implementation and commissioning, while transparently outlining the resulting investment and depreciation effects.

PROSE supported BLS in project management during the final phase of the implementation concept. Based on the selected best option:

  • We refined the planning with the involvement of all stakeholders
  • Quantified the resulting costs and depreciation
  • Coordinated the final draft resolution internally and externally with the other infrastructure operators.

The implementation concept is based on an integrated consideration of the life cycles of rolling stock and infrastructure. At the same time, the various potential benefits of ERTMS were systematically taken into account. A key element was to ensure operationally manageable migration through coordinated, coherent implementation, with the clear aim of avoiding fragmented ETCS island solutions.

Customer benefit

BLS Netz AG benefited from our comprehensive understanding of the planning triangle of operations, infrastructure and rolling stock, as well as our in-depth expertise in the field of ERTMS. Our structured methodology and independent consulting services provided a robust, coordinated basis for decision-making. The implementation concept was completed on schedule and in close cooperation with the specialists and programme management. PROSE embodied technical clarity and independent expertise.

 

  

High-speed rail track symbolising strategic procurement and commercial project management for international rolling stock programmes by PROSE.

Strategic commercial project management for the procurement of high-speed rail vehicles

Project tasks

  • Strategic support in the procurement process
  • Project planning and management (deliverables, deadlines, costs, quality, risks)
  • Preparation and implementation of pre-qualification for lessors
  • Commercial support for operational leases, contract drafting and LCC assessment

Our approach

The project aimed to ensure that a major European railway operator was well and strategically prepared for an upcoming procurement process for new international high-speed rolling stock. The key challenge was to clarify complex commercial, contractual and strategic requirements at an early stage, to structure them and to coordinate them with each other. This particularly concerned the operating lease model, life cycle costs, contract structures and the prequalification of suitable lessors. Without this targeted preparation, significant risks related to cost, quality, and schedule, as well as limited and ineffective market engagement, would have been likely. The project therefore focused on creating a solid commercial and strategic foundation for a complex international procurement procedure.

PROSE approached the task strategically, systematically and methodically, first analysing and clearly defining the commercial, contractual and time-related requirements of the procurement project. Based on our expertise in international procurement projects and rolling stock leasing models, PROSE developed a clear and practical methodology to prepare the customer for the tender process. We established a transparent project structure and consistently managed deliverables, costs, quality, and risks. In parallel, PROSE supported the pre-qualification of potential lessors and established the basis for well-founded commercial decision-making. Our advisory services also covered the development of robust and market-aligned contractual models. We worked closely with the customer as external commercial project managers on a mandate basis, focusing on solutions and open exchange in order to identify risks at an early stage and create a solid basis for decision-making.

Customer benefit

By working with PROSE, the customer received independent, manufacturer-neutral, and commercially focused support that brought structure, transparence and clarity to a complex procurement project. PROSE combined deep expertise in international procurement, leasing models, and life-cycle cost considerations. Our pragmatic and solution-oriented approach enabled the customer to identify risks early, well-founded commercial decisions, and prepare the pre-qualification process efficiently. As a result, the customer benefited from measurable relief of internal resources, clear decision-making foundations, and professional, structured preparation of the overall tender process.

 

   

Bid management for regional train maintenance contracts

Customer: EuroMaint Sweden

Project tasks

  • Bid coordination
  • Development of maintenance strategy
  • Depot and resource planning
  • Technical documentation
  • Obsolescence and component lifecycle analysis
  • Cross-functional team leadership

Our approach

PROSE acted as Bid Leader, and coordinated a cross-functional team consisting of engineering, procurement, and production experts. The team jointly developed technical and operational documentation, including maintenance plans, depot strategies, and component handling procedures. The work was carried out in close collaboration with stakeholders to ensure alignment with operational needs and regulatory requirements. The documentation was structured to support both strategic decision-making and practical implementation within the bid.

Customer benefit

By selecting PROSE as a partner, the customer gained access to structured and well-documented maintenance solutions tailored to the specific fleet and operational context. The collaborative approach ensured that procurement and production perspectives were integrated early in the process, reducing risk and improving feasibility. The final documentation supported the customer’s ability to submit competitive and technically sound bids, with clear strategies for lifecycle cost control and fleet availability.
The customer also benefited from PROSE’s independent expertise, broad rolling stock knowledge, and ability to deliver practical and implementation-ready material.

 

Integration and Authorisation Management: Polish Train Radio, Radio Stop Module, Interior and Exterior Foliation

Customer: ODIG – Ostdeutsche Instandhaltungsgesellschaft mbH, Germany

Project tasks

  • Integration engineering of the Polish train radio
  • Integration engineering of the radio stop module
  • Adaptation of the MESA23 system
  • Consideration of the interior and exterior foliation as well as the modification of the train radio system within the verification process
  • Homologation management
  • Authority communication

Our approach

ODEG – Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH operates passenger transport services in northern and eastern Germany. The fleet consists of Desiro Classic (BR 642) multiple units, among others, manufactured by Siemens Mobility (SMO). The maintenance and repair of the vehicles is carried out by ODIG – Ostdeutsche Instandhaltungsgesellschaft mbH. This is a 100% subsidiary of ODEG. The vehicles currently operate with the existing German authorisation and a German train radio system on a section of line that runs over Polish territory. In future, the vehicles will have to be equipped with Polish train radio system and a radio stop module (RSM). The RSM is a device that is connected to the existing train radio system and integrated into the vehicle’s safety loop via an electromagnetic valve. In this way, the responsible dispatcher can give the “radio stop” command, which opens the vehicle’s safety loop and brings the vehicle to a standstill. In addition, interior foliation in the WC and full-surface exterior foliation had to be installed.

The functionality of the existing MESA23 system will be expanded to include operation with Polish train radio and the radio stop module (RSM). The foliations are handled with regard to all requirements.

Customer benefit

Thanks to the cooperation with PROSE, the customer was able to successfully convert the Desiro Classic railcars (BR 642) to use Polish train radio and the radio stop module (FSM). This not only offers ODEG passengers increased safety during the journey, but also enables smooth operation on the section of line through Polish territory. The application of the interior and exterior foils also contributes to the attractive appearance of the vehicles.

PROSE managed the project from the initial idea to the authorization strategy, preparation of evidence documents and coordination with NoBo/DeBo/AsBo through to communication with the authorities, so that ODIG was able to obtain a significant part of the project scope from a single source.

 

    

Project management and remote monitoring for a Proof of Concept SS-149

Customer: SBB, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project Management
  • Project Planning
  • Solution Architecture
  • Requirements Engineering
  • Sourcing
  • Supervision of the supplier’s Installation, Integration, and Commissioning
  • Data analysis and Reporting

Our approach

​Switzerland, as one of the first ETCS-only countries, required all active fleets to monitor malfunctioning Eurobalises, as per a national requirement (NNTR). With the TSI-2023 release, this NNTR had to be transferred and further developed into Subset–149, Online Monitoring System.

In December 2022, when the draft specification of the Subset–149, Online Monitoring System became available, PROSE was appointed by the rail infrastructure manager of Swiss Federal Railway to develop and conduct a Proof of Concept. The goal was to evaluate the suitability and completeness of the proposed protocol.

PROSE developed the system architecture and related requirements for an online monitoring of the MVB bus in the ETCS Onboard Unit (OBU) manufactured by Siemens and installed in a new Stadler FLIRT EMU owned and operated by Schweizerische Südostbahn. Railnova was identified as a suitable supplier and provided the related solution, both onboard (sniffer and gateway), and wayside. PROSE performed integration engineering as well as authorisation support.

Once the solution was in operation, PROSE closely monitored the wayside infrastructure and analysed the data and feedback to correct and improve the DRAFT Subset-149, contributing directly to its current maturity and reliability.

Customer benefit

With the assignment of PROSE, the customer benefits from the extensive experience of PROSE in the field of on-board signalling, ETCS and online monitoring, both wayside and onboard. PROSE’s combination of technical insight, hands-on experience, and understanding of the market landscape contributed to a solution that was both robust and fit-for-purpose. The customer could rely on PROSE to manage the project without needing to build up internal resources. In addition our independent advisory role ensured a neutral perspective, while maintaining alignment between the various stakeholders involved in the project.

 

  

Innovative service and operating concept for S-Bahn transport

Customer: Forchbahn AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Scenario and variant supply and operating concept 2035+
  • Concept for on-demand operation with ATO
  • TARGET system architecture and gap analysis to the ACTUAL system landscape
  • Determination of requirements for later migration of the new vehicle

Our approach

PROSE supported Forchbahn in the tendering process for a new vehicle fleet. This also raised questions about the future service and operating concept of the S18 Zurich Stadelhofen – Esslingen line. In order to utilise the opportunity of a new vehicle fleet, PROSE developed various scenarios regarding vehicle lengths and the change in the current service concept through the use of automatically operated vehicles in the direction of on-demand operation at off-peak times. The scenarios were developed for different service levels, depending on the time horizon.

Based on the existing old vehicles, the timetables, the planned timetable and the frequency surveys of current operations, we analysed possible vehicle concepts and the resulting number of new vehicles. We specifically analysed the possibilities with long and short trains as well as the operational and technical reserves. We also developed a 2035+ service and operating concept using fully automated multiple units on the Forchbahn’s infrastructure. In addition to the migration and service steps in the introductory phase, this also included the concept for the introduction of on-demand operation during off-peak times. The tender process defined a target system architecture and vehicle requirements for future migration.

Customer benefit

Based on the actual data, PROSE conceptualised the target state and derived opportunities and risks for the respective thrusts in the service and operation. These were reflected in workshops with those responsible at Forchbahn. The results were integrated directly into the tender documents. This ensures that the vehicles are suitable for operation in the long term and that nothing stands in the way of the subsequent implementation of ATO-on-demand operation. PROSE’s knowledge helped Forchbahn make well-informed decisions early in the process, reducing future risks and supporting long-term operational efficiency.

 

 

Cybersecurity Awareness

Project tasks

  • PROSE presentation on the current state of the railway industry
  • PROSE presentation on the future development of the railway industry
  • In-depth discussion on TS 50701, security vs. safety and discussion on standards
  • Interactive brainstorming on the gap analysis
  • Consolidation of the results of the gap analysis and prioritisation
  • Analysis of the customer’s security documentation
  • Summary and definition of the next steps and goal

Our approach

The digital transformation of the rail industry is accelerating at an unprecedented pace. With increasing connectivity comes the urgent need to improve cybersecurity frameworks to ensure resilience against evolving threats. A recent industry workshop highlighted key findings on the current state of cybersecurity in railway systems and the expected regulatory changes that will shape the future.

Security in the railway sector has traditionally focused on protecting people and machines. However, cybersecurity has now become a critical factor in protecting IT systems, infrastructure and sensitive data. Despite their relevance, many existing railway standards provide only limited guidance on cybersecurity. Important standards such as EN 50126, EN 50716 and EN 50129 recognise security concerns but do not provide concrete measures. The IEC 62443 series, which emerged in the 2010s, has become a fundamental security framework, but its full integration into railway systems is still a work in progress.

A key challenge in cybersecurity is the human factor. Unclear role definitions in projects can lead to security risks – for example, through software updates that are implemented without sufficient validation and can compromise critical systems. Clear role definitions and structured safety processes are necessary to minimise such risks.

The future of railway safety will be shaped by new guidelines and harmonised standards designed to close existing safety gaps. Several regulatory developments will redefine safety requirements in the sector. The NIS 2 Directive obliges operators of critical infrastructure, including the railway industry, to take comprehensive cybersecurity measures. Companies in the supply chain will also have to prove their compliance in future.

The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) places strict security requirements on manufacturers and suppliers of digital products, including railway technology. IEC 63452 is expected to become a global benchmark for cybersecurity in railway systems and combines elements from IEC 62443 and TS 50701 to create a standardised security framework. In addition, there is a trend towards common cybersecurity services – for example in the areas of authentication, logging and network security to ensure standardised protective measures for critical rail systems.

Customer benefit

Railway operators, manufacturers and suppliers must proactively adapt to these new regulations. Key recommendations include:

  • Identification and inventory of all assets (especially SW)
  • Conducting cybersecurity risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities
  • Establish clear security requirements for suppliers and ensure compliance throughout the value chain
  • Implementing security-by-design principles in the development of new products
  • Strengthen security incident response capabilities to effectively manage threats

By taking a proactive approach, the industry can ensure the safety, reliability and resilience of railway systems in an increasingly connected world.

  

Investigation on European EMU brake systems

Customer: leading international brake equipment manufacturer

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Requirements capture
  • Concept development
  • System integration

Our approach

The project aimed to assist a leading international brake equipment manufacturer in navigating the complex landscape of European brake system regulations, generic design principles, and requirements for brake certification. The primary challenge was to provide the manufacturer with a consistent and clear understanding of these regulations to facilitate the development and certification of their brake systems for the European market. This support was crucial for ensuring compliance with stringent European safety standards and improving the manufacturer’s competitive edge in the international market.

Based on publicly available information and own experiences, PROSE provided a comprehensive investigation report with following main chapters:

  • European and American design philosophy and safety principles for emergency braking in EMU
  • Brake performance of current EMU train designs in Europe
  • Redundancy on emergency braking command and functions
  • Emergency Braking according EN 16185-1 and EN 15734-1
  • Brake system requirements for EMUs according to European TSI regulations
  • Brake system control signal according to EN 15611:2020

Customer benefit

As a result of this project, PROSE’s customer obtained an in-depth and detailed understanding of the general requirements and best practices associated with European EMU brake design. This comprehensive insight enabled the manufacturer to align their products with European standards, thereby enhancing their ability to meet certification requirements. Additionally, the detailed investigation report served as a valuable reference for the customer’s engineering and design teams, facilitating informed decision-making and innovation in brake system design. Overall, the project significantly boosted the customer’s capability to produce compliant, reliable, and competitive brake systems for the European rail market.

 

      

Design and authorisation strategy for a rail-bound maintenance machine

Customer: SCHÖMA, Germany

Project tasks

  • Vehicle authorisation strategy
  • Design assurance (Systems Engineering)
  • Concept development
  • Technical evaluation of offers and technical coordination with suppliers
  • Project management

Our approach

SCHÖMA plans to develop a proven, powered, three-part rail-bound maintenance machine with cab, loading platform and crane called HERO. SCHÖMA needs support in developing the authorisation strategy to fulfil the EN 14033 standards and in defining the design process including verification and validation.

PROSE developed the decision-making basis for the authorisation process enabling a defined combination of the three vehicles of the working machine to be approved and the verifications and evidence according to EN 14033 to be provided. PROSE also supported SCHÖMA in the budget planning phase of the development of the HERO work machine in the evaluation of supplier offers for systems and components such as the power train, braking system, power generation, train protection (ETCS) and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). In addition, PROSE defined the design phases and the design assurance process according to the systems engineering methodology to ensure a defined and structured design process.

Customer benefit

PROSE has structured and optimised SCHÖMA’s development process by systematically applying the system engineering methodology. This approach has not only minimised development risks associated with costs and timelines but has crucially enhanced the predictability and likelihood of obtaining the necessary authorisation.

 

          

General Contract of Use for freight wagons (GCU) in Railway Undertakings (RU)

Customer: SBB Cargo, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Analyse the current state, identify weaknesses and strengths, and document responsibilities and workflows
  • Develop a target model with clear responsibilities, efficient processes, and the use of new digital tools such as the GCU-Broker
  • Implement the new processes, including employee training and the establishment of overarching responsibility for GCU

Our Approach

The project to optimise the GCU (General Contract of Use for freight wagons) tasks within SBB Cargo’s RU (Railway Undertaking) role addressed the growing demands of European freight transport and the increasing expectations for legal and process compliance. The primary goal was to establish a clear and robust organisation of responsibilities within the RU role, meeting both the requirements of the GCU and relevant EU regulations. This realignment was achieved through a systematic review of existing processes and structures. Key challenges included the precise delineation of roles between the railway undertaking and the wagon keeper, as defined by the GCU provisions. In particular, the requirements arising from oversight by the Swiss Federal Office of Transport (FOT) necessitated reorganisation, as unclear responsibilities had previously hindered audit outcomes.

Additionally, action was required for key operational processes such as the re-commissioning of freight wagons after repairs, the verification of GCU-compliant wagons within train formations, and the retrieval of technical wagon data from third-party keepers. These areas are critical for ensuring safety and quality standards. At the same time, the entire scope of GCU tasks is subject to increasing regulation, which will be further intensified by the BAV (Federal Office of Transport in Switzerland) from 2026 onwards. To meet these demands, SBB Cargo’s internal processes must not only become more efficient but also legally sound.

The project was implemented in multiple phases. In the first phase, the current state of GCU tasks was documented, and key strengths and weaknesses were identified. This analysis was completed by May 2024. Building on this, by August 2024, a target process was developed that defines clear responsibilities, optimises existing workflows and incorporates digital solutions such as the GCU-Broker. This tool is intended to replace the manual processing of damage reports, thereby modernising data exchange. Starting in January 2025, the target process will be implemented, with a focus on appointing a central overall responsibility for GCU tasks, covering both strategic and operational duties. The project team included PROSE internal experts and external consultants from BAHNVERSTAND, who provided methodological support and strategic recommendations.

Customer benefit

​The implementation of the project delivers significant benefits for customers through more efficient and reliable handling of GCU tasks. Clear responsibilities and improved processes reduce delays and enhance legal certainty in operations. The integration of digital solutions, such as the GCU-Broker, lowers administrative costs and accelerates data exchange. Furthermore, compliance with new legal requirements, particularly EU and FOT regulations, ensures long-term legal security and minimises liability risks. Overall, the project strengthens SBB Cargo’s position in the European freight transport market and ensures sustainable future viability.

 

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