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Author: Livia In-Albon

Illustration of a connected train with C-DAS and ATO trackside platform showing automated train operation, data connectivity and driver advisory system.

Co-leading the Driver Advisory System and trackside platform for Automated Train Operation

Customer: Rhätische Bahn AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Requirements capture
  • Conceptdevelopment
  • Bogie andcarbody development
  • System integration

Our approach

Rhätische Bahn AG (RhB) plans to introduce a smart cruise control (SCC) function on its latest generation of multiple units as part of their automation strategy. The SCC function specifies an optimised speed and controls acceleration and braking between two station stops. In accordance with SN EN 62267, the SCC function is classified as Grade of Automation 1 (GoA1), as speed monitoring under the operating regulations (FDV) continues to be carried out by the locomotive crew.

A trackside platform (xx-TS) is planned for the SCC function. This trackside platform provides the necessary route and timetable data. It is based on existing specifications such as Automated Train Operation over European Train Control System (ATO over ETCS) in accordance with the Technical Specification for Interoperability relating to Control-Command and Signalling Subsystems (TSI CCS) and Connected Driver Advisory System (C-DAS). After registering with the train number, the train receives journey and segment profiles in accordance with SUBSET-126/SFERA. Transmission takes place via a mobile communications interface.

With the introduction of a Traffic Management System (TMS), a networked driver assistance system (C-DAS) will also be implemented, which displays energy-efficient and conflict-free driving recommendations based on optimised production specifications from the TMS.

PROSE was involved in the railway automation programme as co-project manager. We implemented a four-stage approach within the ATO-TS/C-DAS project:

  1. Existing requirements and specifications for the operational target vision were recorded and compared with the status quo of the ATO, TMS and C-DAS systems.
  2. Once the target vision and target architecture had been defined, a structured market evaluation was carried out and interviews were conducted with various system providers.
  3. Based on the market evaluation, a two-stage assessment of the solution options was carried out and proposals for the procurement strategy were developed.
  4. Further steps were implemented for the ATO-TS and C-DAS subsystems, including the execution of an RFI and in-depth analyses with selected providers.

Customer benefit

Thanks to our previous involvement in the railway automation programme and our combined operational and technical expertise, we were able to structure and advance the project with clear direction and efficiency.

Based on our market knowledge and cross-project experience, we were able to develop solution scenarios tailored to RhB’s operating environment. We moderated structured discussions with internal experts and programme participants, creating transparent decision-making and a solid foundation for the next implementation phase.

PROSE provided independent technical assessment, clear methodology and procurement support, laying the foundation for a clearly defined architecture and reduced implementation risk.

 

  

 

Illustration of a tpf train between Planchy depot and Bulle station showing automated shunting operations and digital signalling.

Conducting a feasibility study for fully automated shunting operations

Customer: tpf SA, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Operational target
  • Technical feasibility assessment
  • Analysis of operational processes
  • Cost-benefit analysis

Our approach

The metre-gauge rolling stock used by the transport publics fribourgeois (tpf) operating on the Palézieux – Bulle – Montbovon line is maintained at the Planchy depot in the industrial zone of Bulle. The distance between Bulle station and the depot is around one kilometre. In current operations, staff must walk between the station and depot to perform shunting movements, which limits operational efficiency.

As part of recent service expansion , the infrastructure around Bulle has been modernised to current technical standards. In parallel with the planned modernisation of the Planchy maintenance facility, tpf investigated whether fully automated shunting operations using Automatic Train Operation Grade of Automation 4 (ATO GoA4) could be implemented with the existing vehicle fleet within the Planchy – Bulle area. The study assessed technical feasibility, operational implications, and the economic viability of introducing automated shunting.

PROSE supported tpf SA throughout the entire feasibility study in a structured, multi-stage process involving operational, technical, and management stakeholders. We first analysed the current operational processes, infrastructure, and regulatory conditions. Based on this, we jointly developed a target operating concept for automated shunting.

To evaluate possible implementation strategies, PROSE performed a risk analysis and developed several technically consistent solution variants using a morphological analysis method. These options were then compared through a transparent cost-benefit assessment, enabling a structured evaluation of technical feasibility and operational impact.

Customer benefit

tpf SA received a clear and independent decision basis for the further development of the Planchy maintenance site.

Thanks to the efficient approach, initial results were quickly developed in collaboration with tpf experts and presented to management. Technical feasibility, operational implications and economic effects were presented in a comprehensible and transparent manner.

With our expertise in railway operations and ATO realistic implementation scenarios were developed and efficiently aligned with internal stakeholders. PROSE also supported tpf in initial discussions with potential system suppliers, strengthening tpf’s technical and strategic position.

 

  

ETCS Level 2 rollout planning with integrated infrastructure, operations and rolling stock lifecycle coordination.

Planning the integrated rollout of ETCS Level 2

Customer: BLS Netz AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Project management
  • Integrated rollout planning
  • Cost assessment
  • Stakeholder management
  • Long-term planning

Our approach

As part of the ERTMS strategy of the Federal Office of Transport (FOT), Swiss infrastructure operators developed a long-term implementation concept for the network-wide introduction of cab signalling based on the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2.

PROSE supported BLS Netz AG in finalising the integrated rollout plan. We reconciled the different requirements of long-distance, regional and freight transport companies regarding rolling stock with the operational needs of the infrastructure. In parallel, we took the life cycles of existing systems and their depreciation effects into account.

On this basis, we developed a consolidated best-case scenario that defines the section-by-section implementation and commissioning, while transparently outlining the resulting investment and depreciation effects.

PROSE supported BLS in project management during the final phase of the implementation concept. Based on the selected best option:

  • We refined the planning with the involvement of all stakeholders
  • Quantified the resulting costs and depreciation
  • Coordinated the final draft resolution internally and externally with the other infrastructure operators.

The implementation concept is based on an integrated consideration of the life cycles of rolling stock and infrastructure. At the same time, the various potential benefits of ERTMS were systematically taken into account. A key element was to ensure operationally manageable migration through coordinated, coherent implementation, with the clear aim of avoiding fragmented ETCS island solutions.

Customer benefit

BLS Netz AG benefited from our comprehensive understanding of the planning triangle of operations, infrastructure and rolling stock, as well as our in-depth expertise in the field of ERTMS. Our structured methodology and independent consulting services provided a robust, coordinated basis for decision-making. The implementation concept was completed on schedule and in close cooperation with the specialists and programme management. PROSE embodied technical clarity and independent expertise.

 

  

Intelligent rail head lubrication concept with data-driven monitoring, lubrication systems and rail analytics visualised on an urban track.

What comes next when intelligent rail head lubrication has been validated?

Our intelligent rail head lubrication research project has shown that intelligent, data-based rail head lubrication works under real operating conditions.

However, it has also become clear that questions remain regarding the stability of the effects across different routes, vehicles, and operating conditions. Further questions concern the interaction between rail head lubrication and wheel flange lubrication, as well as how data-driven systems can be scaled without adding complexity for operators.

The focus of the project is shifting from proving feasibility to optimising and expanding the knowledge gained:

  • Extending the system to additional routes and vehicle types
  • Integration of intelligent flange lubrication alongside rail head lubrication
  • Analysis of interactions between vehicles, infrastructure and operating conditions
  • Strengthening of monitoring, control logic and operational robustness

The goal is to move from isolated applications to scalable, operational solutions that support asset maintenance, cost efficiency and environmental performance throughout the entire life cycle. The project thus marks the transition from research results to a basis for long-term application.

Further information on objectives and scope can be found here: https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Default?DocumentID=74023&Load=true

Sustainability report – Digital ESG reporting with clear KPIs and transparent sustainability communication.

Sustainability Report – Progress made visible

Customer: Scheuchzer AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Analysis and evaluation
  • Development of the report
  • Quality assurance
  • Project management and coordination of the creation process

Our approach

Scheuchzer AG needed to update its sustainability report for the 2024 financial year and present it in a clear, impact-oriented format. The objective was to consolidate ESG performance in 2024 into a clear and structured format and to communicate key figures, implemented measures and achieved progress in a transparent and comprehensible way.

PROSE supported the customer in developing and preparing the sustainability report for the 2024 financial year. The scope of work included the following key activities:

  • Analysis and evaluation of existing sustainability data and relevant internal documents
  • Development and editorial preparation of report content in close consultation with the customer’s specialist departments
  • Integration of measurable sustainability goals, concrete implementation measures and key performance indicators (KPIs) for monitoring success
  • Ensuring clear, consistent and target group-oriented communication strategy troughout the report
  • Coordination of the entire creation process, including scheduling and quality assurance, through to final approval and publication of the report

This approach ensured that the sustainability report met high professional standards and provided a reliable basis for Scheuchzer’s sustainability communication.

Customer benefit

The preparation of the 2024 sustainability report by PROSE provided clear added value for Scheuchzer. All ESG information was professionally structured, clearly formulated and consistently presented.

Based on our experience from comparable projects, PROSE identified gaps at an early stage, requested missing data in a targeted manner and translated complex ESG requirements  into clear and comprehensible content.

In parallel, we ensured that the results were presented in a way that addressed the needs of relevant internal and external stakeholders and supported consistent sustainability communication. Our independent, external perspective added credibility and objectivity to the report.

Overall, Scheuchzer received a sustainability report that was technically sound, communicatively strong and tailored to the requirements of both internal and external target groups.

 

 

Marco Pagani appointed Co-Director of PROSE Business Unit Switzerland, pictured with Lukas Müller, Rolf Mühlemann and Jochen Helmlinger, CEO.

Marco Pagani appointed Co-Director of PROSE Business Unit Switzerland

We are pleased to announce that Marco Pagani will take on the role of Co-Director of our Business Unit Switzerland as of 1 May 2026. Together with Lukas Müller, he will lead the continued development of our activities in Switzerland, working in close collaboration with customers, partners and colleagues.

Marco Pagani brings extensive experience in fleet strategy, asset management and large procurement programmes within the European railway sector. He has been responsible for international locomotive fleets and major investment projects and currently contributes to national ERTMS and high-speed train programmes in Switzerland. With technical, strategic and financial expertise, he has led international teams and delivered complex initiatives across the railway industry. This experience ensures continuity and strong leadership for the PROSE Business Unit in Switzerland.

After 11 years with PROSE, Rolf Mühlemann is moving on to pursue new opportunities. We thank him for his long-standing commitment and for the foundation he has helped build within the Business Unit.

With this transition, we remain committed to supporting our customers with independent expertise and reliable customised solutions within railway technology.

Please join us in welcoming Marco Pagani to his new role.

Intelligent rail head lubrication concept showing wheel-rail interaction, wear mechanisms and data-driven railway engineering.

Reducing noise and wear begins with understanding why they occur

The results from our research project show what intelligent rail head lubrication can achieve in practice. In order to turn observed effects into robust, transferable solutions, we need a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind wear and noise in the wheel-rail system.

For this reason, a special literature study on wear mechanisms was an integral part of the intelligent rail head lubrication research project. The study summarises the current state of scientific knowledge on the following topics:

  • Rail waviness and slip waves
  • Wheel polygonisation
  • Friction-induced vibrations and resonances
  • The role of lubrication in various operating scenarios

A key finding: Waviness and polygonal wear do not have a single cause. They arise from the interaction of vehicle, track, operation and friction. This has direct implications for operators: measures that work in one context may have unintended consequences in another.

Targeted, data-driven lubrication must therefore be combined with an understanding at the system level.

The results of the literature study help to place rail head lubrication in a broader context and form an important bridge between research results and future application and scaling.

The full literature review can be found here (only in German): https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Dokument.aspx?DocumentID=73690

Expert presentation on intelligent rail head lubrication with digital rail technology visuals and PROSE branding.

Why intelligent rail head lubrication is not a niche topic

The results of our research clearly show that noise, wear and tear, and resource use can only be optimised together if decisions are made on the basis of data.

Many questions are currently arising among operators, which can only be addressed through open dialogue between operators, maintainers, researchers and technologists.

That is why we want to spread the topic of intelligent rail head lubrication into various specialist formats and share our knowledge. Two events in the coming weeks will provide an important platform for this, offering different perspectives:

On 5 March 2026 in Dresden, Dr Felix Saur, our expert in wheel–rail interaction, will speak at the 21st International Railway Vehicle Conference on Self-learning rail head lubrication for trams

On 11 March 2026 in Vienna, Dr Felix Saur will provide insights at the 30th meeting of the Sound and Vibration Working Group (Rail Transport) on Intelligent, mobile lubrication systems using on-board acoustic measurement

We look forward to open discussions, critical questions and the exchange of experiences.

 

BDe 576 railcar retrofitted with an energy measurement system for Makies AG in Switzerland.

Engineering and integrating an energy measurement system

Customer: Makies AG, Switzerland

Project tasks

  • Program management
  • Project planning
  • Electrical engineering
  • Mechanical engineering
  • Technical documentation

Our approach

Makies AG wanted to retrofit the BDe 576 railcar with an energy measurement system. PROSE, together with our workshop partner, carried out this trial installation. PROSE was responsible for the electrical dimensioning, product selection and the final conversion documentation. The workshop partner was responsible for product procurement, installation of the Energy measurement system (EMS) components, wiring and commissioning.

We developed a structured the template for the installation instructions and completed it with all product selection-relevant data for the current and voltage converter, Ecomodul, fuse protection and router. Product selection was defined based on the infrastructure requirements and existing onboard installations, incorporating experience gained from comparable system installation and operation. The final installation documentation includes the complete installation instructions and the product list.

Customer benefit

By commissioning PROSE, the customer benefits from our extensive experience in rail vehicle integration engineering. The proposed mechanical and electrical solutions supported a robust and sustainable energy measurement system installation. Our neutral advisory role ensured effective coordination between all project participants, particularly the workshop, reducing interface risks and supporting efficient implementation.

 

  

Vande Bharat train at platform – sleeping car unit representing bogie design validation project in India.

Design validation of bogies for Vande Bharat sleeping cars

Customer: Ramkrishna Forgings Limited, India

Project tasks

  • Bogie design validation
  • Creation of 3D models for all bogie types
  • FEA of the bogie frame types and high-loaded components
  • Preparation of bogie frame fatigue test specification
  • Welding inspection onsite
  • Update of existing drawings to improve manufacturing quality

Our approach

PROSE was commissioned by RAMKRISHNA FORGINGS LIMITED (RKFL) to perform independent design validation of the bogie assemblies for the new sleeping car coaches of the Vande Bharat train. The work focused on verifying the structural and functional compliance of the existing passenger car bogie for the sleeping car configuration. We performed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and assessed conformity with relevant railway standards, providing the technical justification required to support the design modifications and approval for operation.

PROSE provided RAMKRISHNA FORGINGS LIMITED (RKFL) with independent technical validation of the bogie design for the sleeping car configuration of the Vande Bharat train. Drawing on our expertise in structural, safety and system analysis, and our deep understanding of international railway standards, we ensured a reliable and efficient assessment of the existing design

Customer benefit

As an independent engineering partner, PROSE supported RKFL from analysis through testing and documentation, helping to secure the operational readiness and approval of the new sleeping cars for service on the Indian rail network. Furthermore, RKFL receives manufacturing documents tailored to RKFL’s production capabilities.

 

    

Intelligent rail head lubrication system using AI to reduce curve squeal, wear and lubrication consumption in urban rail transport

What is possible when rail head lubrication is intelligently controlled?

The results from our research are clear. The following effects were measured on a PoC track in urban operation:

  • −98.5% curve squealing
  • up to −60% lubrication agent consumption
  • Simulations indicate a potential reduction of wheel tread wear of up to 12 %

A key learning for operators: it is not high-end hardware that is crucial, but a robust database, a sensibly defined squeal index, developed together with Substring, and an understanding of wheel-rail contact throughout the entire operation.

Intelligent lubrication reduces conflicting objectives: less noise with lower resource consumption and less wear with more stable life cycle costs. This makes intelligent rail head lubrication a building block for sustainable mobility and consistent lifecycle optimisation in urban rail transport.

These findings form the basis for exchange, further exploration and the next step towards practical application.

For those who want to get more information (only in German):

Urban tram on a tight curve with rail head contact, sparks and digital overlays showing noise, weather data and AI-supported rail lubrication analytics.

Traditional rail head lubrication is reaching its limits – this is why

Urban rail transport is under constant pressure. Tight curve radii, high frequencies, and increasing environmental demands lead to familiar challenges: squealing on curves, increased wheel-rail wear, and the use of lubricants with negative environmental impacts.

Conventional rail head lubrication is largely static, using fixed quantities at fixed locations, regardless of weather or actual need. This often creates a trade-off between noise, wear and environmental impact.

This is where the intelligent rail head lubrication research project comes in. Requirements are determined based on data, using:

  • acoustic sensors directly on the vehicle
  • continuous noise mapping along the route
  • weather and operating data
  • AI-supported evaluation

This means that lubrication is triggered depending on the situation and proactively, based on real operating data. This is the starting point for our research.

More background on the intelligent rail head lubrication research project, including objectives, approach and system architecture, can be found here:

– Project description: https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Default?DocumentID=73688&Load=true

– Project presentation (overview and setup, only in German): aramis.admin.ch/Default?DocumentID=73691&Load=true

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